Does a Legacy of the Neanderthals Still Haunt Us?

 by Brian T. Lynch, MSW 

 

An Image of a Neanderthal Man
Neanderthal humans had larger brains and were as intelligent as we are. They were also physically stronger than we are. However, according to one theory, they may have been less social by nature. This antisocial tendency ultimately contributed to their extinction if the theory is correct. 

Neanderthals and Homo sapiens interbred, resulting in most humans having 3% Neanderthal DNA in their genomes. While we do not know if antisocial behaviors have a genetic component or if that trait originates from Neanderthal DNA, we know that approximately 3% of the human population has an antisocial diagnosis. 

Regardless of the origins of antisocial tendencies, we often choose government or business leaders who exhibit these traits. We might perceive them as more capable of making difficult moral decisions that we ourselves struggle with.

Regardless of the origins of antisocial behaviors, one current theory about why the Neanderthals became extinct may offer valuable insights for us. Here is a brief summary of that theory:

1. Neanderthals lived in smaller clans, with each spaced further apart than human tribes or clans. There was less interaction and socialization between their clans.

2. Less interaction among clans led to more incestuous relationships, which in turn diminished genetic diversity over time.

3. Genetic diversity is crucial for the survival of any species. It is the foundation from which adaptations emerge and flourish during times of environmental stress.

4. Limited socialization between Neanderthal clans also meant that any innovative tools or technological advancements that could improve a clan's survival were not widely shared within the broader population, preventing other clans from benefiting from these discoveries.

5. Their reduced genetic capacity to adapt to changing environmental conditions and their lack of access to knowledge about tools and technologies that would enhance their chances of survival ultimately led to their extinction.

This theory suggests essential lessons for our own survival. First, we should value and promote diversity of all kinds, whether social, cultural, or genetic. We may not recognize it now, but variations that arise among us may one day prove invaluable for our well-being. Second, we should encourage increased cross-group socialization. Excluding, marginalizing, or ignoring other groups is not a sustainable survival strategy.

In addition to fostering broad socialization across all social groups, we should openly share knowledge and technology with everyone. Finally, we should avoid electing or selecting leaders who find it easy to make difficult moral or social decisions. Their aptitude for such matters may reflect underlying antisocial tendencies, which ultimately contributed to the downfall of our ancient Neanderthal relatives.

Photo credit: https://www.fieldmuseum.org/blog/bringing-neanderthals-life-sculptures-elisabeth-daynes