Showing posts with label Immigration. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Immigration. Show all posts

Tuesday, July 2, 2019

A Practical Temporary Solution to Child Detention Camps


by Brian T. Lynch, MSW

Children are children no matter where they live. They are humanities precious future, and every country is ultimately obligated to secure the safety and welfare of every child under its jurisdiction regardless of citizenship status or how that child got there.

The Trump administration's unconstitutional policy of arresting and incarcerating asylum seekers coming into the United States from South and Central America has created a humanitarian crisis. This crisis is especially traumatic for children who become separated from their families because of their parents' criminal incarceration. Thousands of separated children are languishing in over-crowed holding areas under inhumane conditions. They are not receiving age-appropriate care or supervision while their incarcerated parents are being held in prison-like settings for months without judicial reviews of their asylum claims. These children need immediate relief, which the federal government is incapable of providing.

The obvious over-all solution is to follow the law and keep the families of asylum seekers intact at all times. We must stop arresting these parents for requesting asylum, which is an internationally protected human right. Until that happens, what can we do to end the immediate crisis for tender aged children whose parents are incarcerated, or in some cases already deported without their child? These children need immediate, but temporary home-based care. They need temporary caregivers who can hold them, comfort them and meet all their physical and emotional needs. They need frequent and ample visitation with their parents to maintain healthy emotional bonding. And they need to be permanently reunited with their parents as quickly as possible, even if their parents have already been deported without them. 

Just because an immigrant parent has been deported doesn't mean an unaccompanied child left here can't be returned to them or to another responsible relative in their country of origin.

I use to have to make these sorts of international arrangements in my career in a state child welfare agency. When a foreign-born child came into state custody, for whatever reasons, we would seek out parents or relatives here or in their home country. If the best or only option was a relative in a foreign country, we would work with the social service authorities in that country to arrange a safe return home.

These foreign countries in all had social service agencies who would work with us and conduct a home study of the parents or interested relatives, when located, to make sure we weren't returning the child to a dangerous situation, such as a child prostitute ring or whatever. Then we would arrange for the child to go back to live with the responsible relatives. Each case was reviewed by a judge before the child was returned to make sure we were doing our job.

If there were no safe or viable alternatives in here or in the country of origin, the child would remain here to be raised by foster parents, and hopefully, be adopted. All 50 states have similar policies, procedures and resources in place for this humane handling of unaccompanied minors, but the current federal authorities aren't utilizing (or supplementing) these well-established state resources to assist with the crisis at the border.

For just a fraction of the money, the federal government is currently spending to warehouse these children in horrendous conditions, the administration could distribute these children equitably across all 50 state child welfare agencies and provide sufficient funding per child to compensate the states for the additional staff and resources the states would need to build capacity to do the job they already do now so successfully.

Friday, January 11, 2019

BORDER SECURITY THREAT ASSESSMENT: Do Facts Reveal a Border

by Brian T. Lynch, MSW

The government is shut down as I write. If you happen to read this blog post after today, it will be the longest federal government shutdown in United States' history. The reason for it is a claim by the President that there is a national crisis at the border. The President says we aren't safe and the crisis can't be resolved without five-billion-dollars to build a section of wall. 

IS THERE A CRISIS AT THE BORDER? Or is our President having a temper tantrum as some have suggested?

Let us start to answer that with statistics that President Trump’s own administration presents about border security. 

Per data in Donald Trump's Executive Order 13789, the # of non-citizens federally convicted of terrorists in 15yrs 2mo time = 244 terrorists, (16 per yr.). That's 44% of the total terrorists. The other 295 (55%) are US citizens 1/2 of which (8.5/yr.) were foreign-born. https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1026436/download 

PLEASE NOTE: As of NOW, if you try to VERIFY the URL and link above you will get this message instead of the document:


Continuing with the report: 

In this same 182-month period, 1,716 US aliens, or 113 per year, were removed from the country for being a national security threat. In contrast, there are 1,300,000 domestic violence attacks per year or 11,504 attacks for every alien ejected for being a security risk.

The Executive Order also says there are 25 honor killings each year, but there are also over 1,000 domestic violence deaths of intimate partners per year in the US. Honor killings are 2.5% of that total.

AND THIS is directly from the Executive Order: In the fiscal year 2017, DHS had 2,554 encounters with individuals on the terrorist watchlist traveling to the United States. Of those encounters, 335 were attempting to enter by land, 2,170 by air, and 49 by sea.

That is just 13% of all terrorist watchlist persons traveling by land from either from Canada or the Mexico border.

Since 2010, the last 8 years, there have been 46 terrorist attacks in the US resulting in 106 dead and 527 injured (Boston bombing nearly half the injuries): 20 attacks by Islamic extremists, 16 by rightwing extremists, 5 by 4 by mental illness and 1 by a leftwing extremist. (The author from a list of terrorist attacks on Wikipedia)

Border crossers rape and murder at lower rates than the general population. Or to flip that around, they are more law-abiding than our citizens. Here is a summary of an actual scholarly report:
In the context of crime, victimization, and immigration in the United States, research shows that people are afraid of immigrants because they think immigrants are a threat to their safety and engage in many violent and property crimes. However, quantitative research has consistently shown that being foreign-born is negatively associated with crime overall and is not significantly associated with committing either violent or property crime. If an undocumented immigrant is arrested for a criminal offense, it tends to be for a misdemeanor.

Researchers suggest that undocumented immigrants may be less likely to engage in serious criminal offending behavior because they seek to earn money and not to draw attention to themselves. Additionally, immigrants who have access to social services are less likely to engage in crime than those who live in communities where such access is not available.

In regard to victimization, immigrants are more likely to be victims of crime. Foreign-born victims of crime may not report their victimization because of fears that they will experience negative consequences if they contact the police. Recently, concern about immigration and victimization has turned to refugees who are at risk of harm from traffickers, who warehouse them, threaten them, and physically abuse them with impunity. More research is needed on the relationship among immigration, offending, and victimization. The United States and other nations that focus on border security may be misplacing their efforts during global crises that result in forced migrations. Poverty and war, among other social conditions that would “encourage” a person to leave their homeland in search of a better life, should be addressed by governments when enforcing immigration laws.

http://oxfordre.com/.../97801.../acrefore-9780190264079-e-93

Here are a few data charts that are helpful in identifying whether or not there is a present crisis at the border:






OXFORDRE.COM

Immigration and Crime - Oxford Research Encyclopedia of…

Immigration and Crime - Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology


And here is another study ABSTRACT: 
Research has shown little support for the enduring proposition that increases in immigration are associated with increases in crime. Although classical criminological and neoclassical economic theories would predict immigration to increase crime, most empirical research shows quite the opposite. We investigate the immigration-crime relationship among metropolitan areas over a 40-year period from 1970 to 2010. Our goal is to describe the ongoing and changing association between immigration and a broad range of violent and property crimes. Our results indicate that immigration is consistently linked to decreases in violent (e.g., murder) and property (e.g., burglary) crime throughout the time period.https://www.tandfonline.com/.../10.../15377938.2016.1261057
TANDFONLINE.COM

A 2018 study published in Criminology analyzed population-level crime rates from all 50 states from 1990 to 2014 and found that the relationship between immigration and crime is "generally negative." "Increases in the undocumented immigrant population within states are associated with significant decreases in the prevalence of violence," study author Michael Light writes.https://psmag.com/.../research-tells-us-that-immigration...

PSMAG.COM

A 2015 study found that, in the same period, the immigration population more than tripled in the United States; from 1990 to 2013, the violent crime rate decreased by 48 percent, according to Federal Bureau of Investigation data. (ibid)






Here is a screenshot of a graph by the Pew Research Center from a FactCheck.org Website


https://www.factcheck.org/2018/06/illegal-immigration-statistics/

And here below are a few more charts from a U.S. Customs and Border Security Report that were also published by FactCheck.org :


Notice in the above bar graph dating all the way back to 1961 that the total number of border crossings the year 2000 and has significantly declined since.  The total number of border crossings in 2018 (last year) is 76% below the number in 2000.


While the total number of people crossing the U.S. border is down 76% from the year 2000, the number of family detentions is up. 


Notice that the number of unaccompanied children crossing the border peeked in 2014 and dropped the following year. The number rose again in Barack Obama's last year in office then dropped again since President Trump took office. Last year (2018) the rate of unaccompanied minors crossing the border was about 37% lower than in 2014. 


SUMMARY: From every scholarly study and government information source, the most objective rendering of facts do not support the claim that there is an immigration crisis at our border. And in fact, the data show such a low rate of crimes committed by immigrants that the more immigrants a community has, the lower the crime rate. 

As to why our President is claiming a border crisis and shutting down the government to get his wall build? Who besides him really knows why. What the facts show is that there is no border crisis and no need to disrupt the government and the lives of millions of people affected by the shutdown. 



Thursday, April 26, 2018

Jane Addams, A Great American Hero

by Brian T. Lynch, MSW

(NOTE: Please also read below an update on another great hero of mine from Hull House, Alice Hamilton)

On our trip to Chicago, my wife and I visited Hull House, one of the first Settlement Houses in the United States and home to Jane Addams. It is now a museum located in the middle of the University of Illinois, but 130 years ago it stood in the middle of the worst immigrant slums in Chicago.

Addams was born into privilege, yet in 1889 she and her friend, Ellen Gates Starr, decided to moved into a house in the heart of the immigrant slums of Chicago. Their initial idea was to providing daycare for children living in poverty. In the process they came face to face with the great hardships and disadvantages or poor immigrants all around them. The focus or their mission kept growing to meet the endless needs. Daycare was supplemented with preschool and educational services. They opened the first playground in Chicago. She saw that child labor practices prevented theses children from having a full childhood, so she advocated for laws against child labor. Her mission grew to serve the parents and others adults.

Addams recognized that there were community and systemic issues that prevented the poor from improving their lives, things beyond their control. For example, the stench of garbage filled the streets and created unsanitary conditions. People were getting sick because the city wouldn't regularly pick up the garbage in their neighborhood. She fought the city and won regular trash pick-up. When she learned that there were only 5 bathtubs in the whole community, she built a pubic bath beside the Hull House where hundreds of people came every week.

Intervening to help the poor and to lift their burdens on multiple social levels became her pattern. She took in homeless families, listened to their stories, helped them find housing and then advocated for better housing. She sheltered woman who were abuse by their spouse, listened to their stories, helped them get on their feet and used what she was learning to advocate for social change. Moreover, the work of Addams and Starr at Hull House attracted some of the best and brightest woman of the day to study the conditions of the poor and and disenfranchised, and to organize social movements for social change.


Addams became a prolific writer and prominent national spokesperson for social change in the 1930’s and 1940’s. The data she and other collected on the social issues of the poor, and social research at Hull House, helped inform her writings. Her advocacy and social ideas got her labeled as the most dangerous woman in America by none other than the Daughters of the American Revolution. Herbert Hoover’s FBI compiled lengthy files on her anti-war activities during WW I. Still she persisted.

Jane Addams was among the early pioneers of an effective method for improving peoples lives. It includes:

-Meeting the immediate needs of a person in need

- Listening to their stories face to face

-Empowering them to get back on their feet through their own efforts whenever possible

- Collecting data on the problems and issues they presented

-Making observations about the local circumstances and social barriers that contributed to their problems, and

- Using that information to advocate for broader changes in laws, policies, funding and greater  social awareness 

This intervention methodology is the foundation for the profession of Social Work. This is the mission of social work and what sets it apart from psychology and other helping professions.

In 1931 Jane Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize for her work at Hull House.

______________________________________________________________

UPDATE August 29, 2019

Another towering hero and scholar who worked beside Jane Addams out of Hull House in Chicago is Alice Hamilton. The New York Times published an excellent opinion piece on Hamilton and her achievements. This is worth reading:

The Remarkable Life of the First Woman on the Harvard Faculty

Alice Hamilton, an expert on public health, foresaw the rise of fascism in Germany.
Ms. Gore is the director of the Center for Earth Ethics at Union Theological Seminary.
Image
CreditCreditFPG/Archive Photos, via Getty Images

In late August 1919, 50-year-old Alice Hamilton was sitting onboard a steamship typing quickly on a borrowed Corona typewriter, oblivious to the approaching New York skyline as she finished her return trip from Europe. She wanted to record the searing images she had just seen during an extended tour behind former enemy lines with her friend Jane Addams. In town after town across Germany, she had encountered starvation and disease, in a country reeling from the peace as well as the war, thanks to a continued British blockade designed to force the Germans to accept the harsh terms of the Versailles Treaty. Germany had become, in her words, a “shipwreck of a nation.”

Hamilton knew that the report would not be welcome by most Americans, eager to put the war behind them. Her gender would make it that much easier to dismiss. But she was determined to call Americans to conscience.  continue reading here: 

Sunday, June 15, 2014

Kids in Cages - Humanitarian Crisis At Our Borders

by Brian T. Lynch, MSW

It is Father's Day and I am haunted by story I hear about earlier this week. Over 70,000 children a year are coming across the US border from places like Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador and Mexico, many of whom are unaccompanied minors. The United States is forced to house these children in temporary detention facilities under very difficult conditions. The situation is desperate as federal agencies and facilities designed to house adults races to accommodate the special needs of young children.

On All In with Chris Hayes, José Diaz Balart reported about the humanitarian crisis at the US Mexican border. Unaccompanied minors are crossing the border in record numbers, sometimes as many as 300 a day. Some of these children are as young as 18 months old. But also, there are couples trying to cross the border with their children who are being met by members of Mexico's drug cartel that take one of the parents hostages for ransom, allowing the other parent and children to cross into the States.

Balart also reported on the conditions that are creating these developments. One Guatemalan mother told him gang violence in her country is so bad that when their daughters reach puberty, gang members will come in and either rape them, kill them, or take them as their property. These parents feel they have no option but to send their children across the border to safety. When US officials try to interview young children to learn who their parents are it is not unusual for 4 and 5 years to not know their parents names or the name of the towns in which they lived. In some cases, trying to reunite children with their families is impossible.


While we flounder around once again in Iraq and other foreign lands with oil resources of interest, we are ignoring the deteriorating humanitarian situations in our own hemisphere. The immigration issues we face are usually couched in protectionist language when the root of the problem is really about promoting growth and stability in foreign countries much closer to home.

We need to direct more resources and attention on foreign aid and international diplomacy among our Latin American neighbors. The social and economic conditions in these countries have reach a crisis proportions. Our immigration problem is a massive refugee problem that our politics and the media isn't addressing. The answers to real immigration reform fall well beyond the scope of our current political dialogue.

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